Mermaids

(Scroll down to read it in Spanish)

It is said that mermaids do not exist. Claudia Varejão proves just the opposite, however. Hidden in the shadows, she claims that mermaids are real and that they are struggling to survive. Their numbers are extremely low and they have little strength left to endure the continuous blows of an unforgiving system: modernity is doing its best to kill off this unique way of life. They may be a vestige of a past that barely clings on, but they still survive. These mermaids live in Japan. People call them ama.

The cold hand of reason buried their achievements many years ago as it did with many other old traditions. Not even Japan is immune to it. This country has always commendably coordinated tradition and modernity but this balance seems to be impossible in times of change. Step by step, progress has been burying their memory with machinery and its maximizing philosophy. Sometimes, a country has to choose between people’s heritage or succumbing to globalization’s greed. In this case, the Yen seems to have last word: ‘Ama san’ reminds us that monsters do not live in the deep sea, but on the surface among us.

The concept of ama is difficult to understand from a western point of view. Ama stands for women who dedicate their lives to dive, making their profession a way of life. They dive in the cold waters of the Pacific Ocean in order to find abalones, pearls and seaweed. They hold their breath, they do not use oxygen tanks. Their neoprene suit is their only support, but they were diving topless until the 70s.

Given the sexism rooted in Japanese society, it is surprising to find how this work has been entrusted to women. However, this is not by chance. There is evidence that suggests that women have an extra layer of fat and their body is able to withstand low temperatures better than men. In addition, they can hold their breath much longer than them. Society praised ama women as they were able to maintain their families economically, earning as much money as the majority of men. Nevertheless, their profession has ceased to be profitable. Commercial fishing is jeopardising abalone populations and claims that the ama’swork is unnecessary. Mermaids are dying out.

Claudia Varejão silently plunges into a tottering universe which is doomed to disappear. The filmmaker camouflages her camera in a group of elder ama to observe their daily routine and their relationship with the world. ‘Ama san’ is an ode to femininity, raising difficult questions about the role of women in Asian society, but at the same time perfectly portrays contemporary Japan. Her work shows how tradition and modernity go hand-in-hand to create a unique mosaic where nature and technology are learning to live together. Varejão shows the reality of these millenial mermaids in and out the water with technical mastery. ‘Ama san’ is an observational work, exploring enigmatic happiness and capturing reality without filters. It seems that Varejão wanted to immortalize the last mermaid. ‘Ama san’ will be screened in IV IberoDocs. This is a vision of other cultures through a Portuguese prism.

SPANISH

Dicen que las sirenas no existen. Claudia Varejão demuestra justo lo contrario. Oculta entre las sombras pone el grito en el cielo mediante un aullido silencioso, invisible, afirmando que las sirenas son reales, que luchan por sobrevivir. Eso sí, su presencia actual es casi anecdótica, un vestigio del pasado que apenas se tiene en pie, sin fuerzas para aguantar las continuas puñaladas de un sistema que no perdona. Poco a poco, el progreso fue depositando piedras sobre su recuerdo, sepultando a base de maquinaria y maximización su particular modo de vida. Ellas viven en Japón. Las llaman ama.

Sus hazañas, como otras tradiciones milenarias, fueron enterradas hace décadas por una sabihonda voz de la razón, a la que ni siquiera Japón es inmune. Pese a que el País del Sol Naciente se ha caracterizado por aunar tradición y modernidad de una manera encomiable, el equilibrio parece ser imposible en tiempos de cambio. ¿Mantener la identidad de un pueblo o sucumbir a los beneficios de la globalización? Cuando hay que decidir quien vive o muere, los yenes tienen la última palabra. ‘Ama-san’ nos hace pensar que los monstruos no se encuentra en las profundidades marinas, sino en la superficie. Entre nosotros.

El concepto de ama se escapa a nuestro entendimiento. Se trata de mujeres que dedican su vida a la pesca subacuática, haciendo de su profesión una forma de vida. Sin artificios, se sumergen en las gélidas aguas del Pacífico en busca de abulones, perlas y algas. Rechazan los tanques de oxígeno, el único soporte con el que cuentan es su traje de neopreno. Hasta los setenta, surcaban los mares a pecho descubierto. Resulta curioso que, pese al machismo intrínseco de la sociedad japonesa, se confíe esta labor a la mujer. No obstante, esto no fue un capricho del azar: las ama fueron escogidas biológicamente. Todo radica en la creencia de que, al tener una capa extra de grasa, su cuerpo es capaz de soportar mejor las temperaturas bajo cero, permitiendo aguantar la respiración mucho más tiempo que los hombres. Así, las ama fueron encumbradas por el sistema al mantener económicamente a sus familias, ya que solían ganar mucho más dinero que la mayoría de los hombres. Hasta que, con el tiempo, su profesión dejó de ser rentable. La pesca comercial no sólo está acabando con las reservas de abulones, sino que tacha a la ama de innecesarias. Las sirenas se mueren.

Claudia Varejão se sumerge, en silencio, en un universo que se tambalea, condenado a desaparecer, dibujando una historia de ahogada resistencia. La cineasta camufla su cámara en un grupo de amas, en su mayoría ancianas, observando su día a día y su relación con el mundo. Sin dejar de ser una oda a la feminidad, cuestionando el papel de la mujer en sociedades asiáticas, retrata a la perfección el Japón contemporáneo, en el que tradición y modernidad se dan la mano para crear un mosaico singular: tablets se entremezclan con rezos sintoístas y una armoniosa relación con la naturaleza se ve interrumpida por una arrolladora revolución tecnológica. Con maestría técnica, la portuguesa muestra la realidad de estas mujeres dentro y fuera del agua, sin edulcorantes, a imagen y semejanza de estas sirenas milenarias. ‘Ama san’ es una obra observacional, de enigmática felicidad, captando la realidad sin filtros. Todo apunta a que Varejão quiso inmortalizar a la última sirena. ‘Ama-san’ estará presente en la cuarta edición de IberoDocs, dentro de nuestra selección de cintas portuguesas. Una visión de otras culturas a través de un prisma luso.

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Rebecca Wade

Dr Rebecca Wade is a Senior Lecturer in Environmental Science at Abertay University. She inspires others to work collaboratively to address climate, nature and societal challenges. Her teaching and research focus on sustainable water management and nature-based solutions, she champions communication and co-design to deliver solutions which bring benefits for people and planet. She undertakes projects with local authorities, health services, industry partners, charities, creative practitioners and cultural organisations. Rebecca is an award-winning STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) Ambassador in Scotland and the UK (awarded by the Institution of Civil Engineers); she was named ‘Woman of Influence 2022’ by Action for Children Scotland and in 2024 was named as one of the ‘Top 50 Women in Engineering’ by the Women’s Engineering Society. She is a Director at Dundee Science Centre and a Trustee with the Esk Rivers and Fisheries Trust and The Scottish Flood Forum. In 2023 she participated in a life-changing voyage to Antarctica, as part of an International Women in STEMM leadership programme.

Georgina Massouraki

Georgina Massouraki, with a background in art, science, and communications, has over a decade of experience in Scotland’s environmental sector. Specialising in project management, community engagement, and environmental campaigns and policy, she supports IberoDocs to improve environmental practice and also assists with marketing and comms.

Sara Mediavilla

Sara Mediavilla is a communications and advocacy officer at Survival International, the global movement for indigenous peoples’ rights. With expertise in fundraising, digital communications and outreach, multiple degrees in History, Marketing, Anthropology, and International Development, she brings over seven years of experience to IberoDocs, contributing to content creation and marketing expertise while promoting decolonization and addressing power imbalances.

Isabel Moura Mendes

Isabel Moura Mendes is a Senior Relationship Manager at the British Council. A cornerstone of IberoDocs since its inception in 2014, Isabel has been an indispensable figure, providing invaluable support and guidance. Initially engaged in advising on films in Portuguese (Portugal & Brazil), conducting filmmaker Q&As, and delivering motivational talks, she has left a mark on the festival’s cultural and educational initiatives.

Mónica Martins

Mónica Martins brings over a decade of event management experience and is the newest member of the IberoDocs Board. She is well known to the festival community through her previous collaborations with IberoDocs, including her role as Director of Women Being and as a dedicated, long-time audience member. Mónica’s deep insight into strategic decision-making in event planning, combined with her strong connection to the festival’s mission, makes her a vital contributor as we embark on this next chapter.

Mar Felices

Mar Felices, with a background in audiovisual communication and creative documentary, has nearly two decades of experience in film, culture, and public engagement. Founder of IberoDocs and Chair of its Community Interest Company, she specialises in festival development, strategic partnerships, and intercultural dialogue, ensuring the festival’s vision and mission benefit the wider community.