23 Shots: A wound still open

(Scroll down to read it in Spanish)

On the 4th of December, 1977, while Spain was in the middle of la Transición —the political transition from a Francoist regime to a full democracy— Andalusia turned into a white and green tide. In its eight provinces, hundreds of thousands of people took to the streets to demand that the region be given the administrative and political status of Comunidad Autónoma —Autonomous Community. In most cities, it was a happy day, in which the indicative mood of the protest was mixed with the hope for a better future.

But at the end of that day, television channels and radio stations announced that the fight for Andalucia’s freedom had claimed a victim in Malaga: Manuel José García Caparrós, an eighteen-year-old boy. What started as a peaceful protest quickly turned into a full-blown altercation with police charges when a young man called Trinidad Berlanga climbed the front of the Provincial Deputation building to hang the Andalusian flag on its balcony. Twenty three shots were fired by the police in the chaos that ensued: Twenty two hit the wall of a building nearby. The twenty third hit Garcia’s Caparrós body, ending his life. Nowadays, forty two years after the incident, the identity of his murderer is still unknown.

23 Shots, a documentary directed and scripted by Jorge Laplace, looks into the events that surrounded the death of the young malagueño. It will premiere in Scotland thanks to IberoDocs, which will exhibit the film on May 9th at the Scottish Storytelling Centre in Edinburgh.

The documentary follows Juan Antonio O’Donnell, a retired policeman who has been trying to shed more light on the case for decades. It denounces the lack of answers to the multiple mysteries of a tragedy that is still present in Andalusia’s collective memory. Through interviews with ex-police officers, assistants to the demonstration, forensic experts and Manuel José’s own family, it attempts not only to find out who murdered the young man, but also why and how his death turned into a state secret.

Never falling into the trap of sensationalism, 23 shots examines a first investigation of the murder which aimed more to hide the truth than to uncover it, of a crime that endangered the model image of the Transition and a police force that, in its majority, still clung to the fascist ideas of Francoism.

The film also forces the viewer to face the sorrow of the García Caparrós sisters. They suffered through the death of their brother, thanks to a 9mm bullet, then through the deaths of their parents, who died from the grief of losing a son too son and now, even to this day, they are still demanding justice for them. Forty-two years of seeing Manuel José considered a martyr of the Andalusian cause by the different organisms of the State, having to deal with his name being used to decorate political speeches of different ideologies; while at the same time being denied by the Spanish government the only thing that would really bring them some relief: the truth about what happened the day their brother died and why they decided to build a wall of silence around it. As Paqui García Caparrós says in one scene of the documentary: “The wound is still open. For that wound to close, we need to know the truth”.

SPANISH

23 disparos: La herida que no cierra

El 4 de diciembre de 1977, en plena Transición, Andalucía era una marea blanquiverde. En sus ocho provincias, cientos de miles de personas—en total, más de un millón y medio— se echaron a la calle para reclamar la autonomía. En la mayoría de las capitales fue un día alegre, en el que el carácter reivindicativo se mezclaba con la esperanza de un futuro mejor.

Pero al final de la jornada las televisiones anunciaban que la lucha por la libertad de Andalucía se había cobrado una víctima en Málaga: Manuel José García Caparrós, de tan sólo dieciocho años. Lo que había comenzado como una protesta pacífica terminó convirtiéndose en un altercado con cargas policiales después de que un joven llamado Trinidad Berlanga escalara la fachada de la Diputación Provincial para colocar la bandera andaluza en su balcón. Veintidós disparos lanzados por la Policía Armada en el caos que siguió después acabaron en una pared y el veintitrés, con la vida de García Caparrós. Actualmente, cuarenta y dos años después, todavía se desconoce la identidad de su asesino.

23 disparos, un documental dirigido y guionizado por Jorge Laplace, indaga en los hechos que rodearon la muerte del joven malagueño. Su estreno en Escocia corre de la mano de IberoDocs, que lo exhibirá este 9 de mayo en Edimburgo, en el Scottish Storytelling Centre.

De la mano de Juan Antonio O’Donnell, un policía retirado que lleva años intentando arrojar más luz sobre el caso, el documental denuncia la falta de respuestas a las incógnitas de una tragedia que sigue presente en la memoria de los andaluces. A través de entrevistas con ex-policías, asistentes a la manifestación, forenses y la propia familia de Manuel José, no sólo se intenta poner nombre y apellidos al autor de su muerte si no también profundizar en cómo y por qué ésta ha llegado a ser secreto de estado.

Con un hondo respeto a la verdad y sin caer nunca en el sensacionalismo, 23 disparos examina una primera investigación hecha con más ánimo de tapar que de averiguar, un crimen que ponía en peligro la imagen modélica de la Transición y un cuerpo de policía que, en su mayoría, todavía se aferraba a las ideas del franquismo.

La obra también nos enfrenta al dolor de las hermanas García Caparrós, que no sólo tuvieron que sufrir la muerte de su hermano y de sus padres en menos de siete años —él por una bala de 9 milímetros, ellos por el duelo—, si no que hoy en día todavía siguen reclamando a las instituciones una justicia y una verdad que no llegan. Cuarenta y dos años viendo como Manuel José es considerado un mártir de la causa andaluza por los distintos organismos del Estado, contemplando cómo se le hacen homenajes y se usa su figura para adornar discursos políticos de distintas ideologías; sin que el Gobierno se digne a hacer lo que realmente les traería consuelo: contarles lo que pasó el día que murió su hermano y por qué se decidió construir un muro de silencio a su alrededor. Tal y como dice Paqui García Caparrós en uno de los momentos del documental: «La herida sigue abierta. Esa herida, para que se cierre, se tiene que saber la verdad».

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Rebecca Wade

Dr Rebecca Wade is a Senior Lecturer in Environmental Science at Abertay University. She inspires others to work collaboratively to address climate, nature and societal challenges. Her teaching and research focus on sustainable water management and nature-based solutions, she champions communication and co-design to deliver solutions which bring benefits for people and planet. She undertakes projects with local authorities, health services, industry partners, charities, creative practitioners and cultural organisations. Rebecca is an award-winning STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths) Ambassador in Scotland and the UK (awarded by the Institution of Civil Engineers); she was named ‘Woman of Influence 2022’ by Action for Children Scotland and in 2024 was named as one of the ‘Top 50 Women in Engineering’ by the Women’s Engineering Society. She is a Director at Dundee Science Centre and a Trustee with the Esk Rivers and Fisheries Trust and The Scottish Flood Forum. In 2023 she participated in a life-changing voyage to Antarctica, as part of an International Women in STEMM leadership programme.

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Georgina Massouraki, with a background in art, science, and communications, has over a decade of experience in Scotland’s environmental sector. Specialising in project management, community engagement, and environmental campaigns and policy, she supports IberoDocs to improve environmental practice and also assists with marketing and comms.

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Mónica Martins brings over a decade of event management experience and is the newest member of the IberoDocs Board. She is well known to the festival community through her previous collaborations with IberoDocs, including her role as Director of Women Being and as a dedicated, long-time audience member. Mónica’s deep insight into strategic decision-making in event planning, combined with her strong connection to the festival’s mission, makes her a vital contributor as we embark on this next chapter.

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Mar Felices, with a background in audiovisual communication and creative documentary, has nearly two decades of experience in film, culture, and public engagement. Founder of IberoDocs and Chair of its Community Interest Company, she specialises in festival development, strategic partnerships, and intercultural dialogue, ensuring the festival’s vision and mission benefit the wider community.